2025 ni umwaka wo gushyira akadomo ku mirimo mibi ikoreshwa abana! Imibare irerekana iki?

Raporo y’Ubushakashatsi bw’Umuryango mpuzamahanga wita ku murimo (ILO) n’Ishami ry’umuryango w’abibumbye ryita ku bana (UNICEF) igaragaza ko ikibazo cy’imirimo mibi ikoreshwa abana kitarakemuka nubwo hari icyakozwe.

Mu 2015 Isi yose yiyemeje guca burundu imirimo mibi ikoreshwa abana bitarenze mu 2025 kandi uwo mwaka uragana ku musozo.

Kugeza ubu nibura abana miliyoni 138 baracyari mu mirimo mibi bakoreshwa hirya no hino ku Isi kandi abagera kuri miliyoni 54 muri bo, bakora imirimo ishyira ubuzima bwabo mu Kaga.

Ni ukuvuga ko bakoreshwa imirimo irimo gukoresha imashini zikoresha imbaraga nyinshi cyangwa zitigisa, guterura ibintu biremereye, gukora mu binyabutabire, mu mukungugu, gukora ijoro, gukora mu bikorwa by’amabuye y’agaciro n’indi mirimo ibangamira ubuzima bw’umwana.

Ku rundi ruhande ariko nubwo guca iyo mirimo bikiri inzira ndende, raporo y’ubwo bushakashatsi yerekana ko hari icyakozwe kuko mu myaka ine ishize bari miliyoni 160 ubu bakaba ari miliyoni 138.

Muri rusange mu mpande zoze z’Isi habaye igabanyuka hagati ya 2020 na 2024 nubwo riri ku muvuduko muto ugereranyije n’icyari kigamijwe mbere yuko uyu mwaka urangira.

Muri Aziya na Pacifique bavuye kuri 5.6% bagera kuri 3.1%. Muri Afurika yo munsi y’ubutayu bwa Sahara bava kuri 23.9% bagera kuri 21.5 mu gihe America y’amajyepfo n’ibirwa bya Caraibes bavuye kuri 6.0% bagera kuri 5.5%.

Ni mu gihe ugereranyije no mu 2000 abana bakoreshwa imirimo mibi bagabanyutseho miliyoni 100 ku Isi.

Nyuma y’izamuka riteye inkeke ryagaragajwe n’imibare yo mu 2020, hari impungenge zuko icyorezo cya COVID-19 kizakurikirwa n’ikoreshwa ry’abana mu mirimo mibi kuburyo bukabije gusa siko byagenze.

Imibare yerekanaka ko abana benshi bakoreshwa mu mirimo y’ubuhinzi n’ubworozi bakiri bato, uko bakura bakagenda bajyanwa mu rwego rw’inganda na serivisi.

Kugira ngo iyo mirimo icike, raporo ivuga ko bisaba gushyira imbaraga mu bituma abana bajya ku ishuri kandi imiryango yabo ikaba yifashije.

Ibyo birimo gushyiraho amashuri y’ubuntu na sisiteme z’uburezi zubatse neza kuburyo abana barangiza amashuri bajya mu mirimo ihesha umuntu agaciro, gushyiraho amategeko ahana abakoresha abana, gahunda zo gukura imiryango mu bukene, gukumira ikoreshwa ry’abana mu bikorera n’ubukangurambaga bwo kubimenyekanisha.

Uko bihagaze mu Rwanda

Ntabwo ubu bushakashatsi bugaragaza imiterere y’ikibazo n’ibyakozwe muri buri gihugu ariko mu 2020 Komisiyo y’igihugu y’uburenganzira bwa muntu yagaragaje ko hari abana 421 bari mu mirimo ibujijwe mu Turere 11.

Abo bari biganje mu bice by’imijyi, mu masoko n’ahaparikwa imodoka zitwara abantu n’ibintu.

Raporo y’iyo Komisiyo ku igenzura ry’iyubahirizwa ry’uburenganzira bwa muntu mu bigo by’abikorera yashyize ahagaragara mu mpera z’umwaka ushize yerekana ko igipimo cy’abana bakoreshwa imirimo mibi kiri kuri 5.94% mu bigo by’abikorera.

Imibare yerekana ko abana benshi bari mu bigo by’ubwikorezi ku gipimo kiri ku 8.8% mu bigo bikora mu by’ubukerarugendo n’amahoteri ni 7.5% naho mu bigo by’ubucuruzi buto n’ubucirirtse ni 6.4%. Mu nganda ni 4.1% na 2.9% mu bigo by’ubwubatsi.

Isesengura ryakozwe na Minisiteri y’Abakozi ba Leta n’Umurimo (MIFOTRA) ku buryo abana bakoreshwa mu mirimo mibi mu Ntara z’igihugu ryerekana ko Umujyi wa Kigali ari wo ufite igipimo cyo hejuru kiri kuri 5.8% ugakurikirwa n’Intara y’Iburasirazuba ifite 3.8% n’Intara y’Iburengerazuba iri kuri 3.6%.

Intara y’Amajyepfo ni yo yagaragayeho igipimo cyo hasi cya 2.6%.

Mu Rwanda ibyatuma abana badakoreshwa imirimo mibi byashyizweho ndetse n’itegeko rihana ubakoresha rirahari, nkuko ILO na UNICEF babisaba.

Ingingo ya Gatandatu y’itegeko rigenga umurimo mu Rwanda, ivuga ko bibujijwe gukoresha umwana utarageza ku myaka 18, imirimo ihungabanya imiterere y’umubiri w’umwana; ikorerwa munsi y’ubutaka, munsi y’amazi, kandi harehare cyangwa hafunganye.

Hari kandi imirimo ikoreshwa imashini n’ibikoresho bishobora kugira ingaruka mbi cyangwa isaba guterura no kwikorera umutwaro uremereye; ikorerwa ahantu hari ubushyuhe, ubukonje, urusaku, ibitigita n’ibindi byangiza ubuzima bw’umwana; n’ikorwa amasaha menshi, mu ijoro cyangwa ikorerwa ahantu hafunganye.